Utoto wa cationic ndi utoto wapadera wa utoto wa ulusi wa polyacrylonitrile, ndipo utha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito popaka utoto wa polyester wosinthidwa (CDP).Lero, ndikugawana nawo chidziwitso choyambirira cha utoto wa cationic.
Chidule cha utoto wa cationic
1. Mbiri
Utoto wa cationic ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri yopangira.Mtundu wa aniline violet wopangidwa ndi WHPerkin ku United States mu 1856 ndipo wotsatira wa crystal violet ndi malachite wobiriwira onse ndi utoto wa cationic.Utoto umenewu poyamba unkadziwika kuti utoto wofunika kwambiri, womwe umatha kudaya ulusi wa mapuloteni ndi ulusi wa cellulose wopangidwa ndi tannin ndi tartar.Amakhala ndi mitundu yowala, koma siwopepuka, ndipo kenako adapangidwa ndi utoto wachindunji ndi utoto wa vat.ndi utoto wa asidi.
Pambuyo popanga mafakitale a acrylic fibers m'zaka za m'ma 1950, zidapezeka kuti pazitsulo za polyacrylonitrile, utoto wa cationic sikuti umakhala wolunjika kwambiri komanso wowala kwambiri, komanso amakhala ndi mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa ulusi wa mapuloteni ndi ulusi wa cellulose.kudzutsa chidwi cha anthu.Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa acrylic ndi ulusi wina wopangidwa, mitundu yambiri yatsopano yothamanga kwambiri yapangidwa, monga mawonekedwe a polymethine, kapangidwe ka polymethine m'malo mwa nayitrogeni ndi mawonekedwe a pernalactam, ndi zina zotero, kuti utoto wa cationic ukhale polyacrylonitrile.Gulu lamitundu yayikulu yodaya ulusi.
2. Zina:
Utoto wa cationic umapanga ma ion amitundu yowoneka bwino munjira, ndikupanga mchere wokhala ndi ma anion acid monga chloride ion, gulu la acetate, gulu la phosphate, gulu la methyl sulfate, ndi zina zambiri, potero amadaya ulusi wa polyacrylonitrile.Popaka utoto weniweni, mitundu ingapo ya cationic imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mtundu wina.Komabe, utoto wosakanikirana wa utoto wa cationic nthawi zambiri umakhala wovuta kuyika utoto wofanana mumtundu womwewo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale madontho komanso osanjikiza.Choncho, popanga utoto wa cationic, kuwonjezera pa kukulitsa mitundu ndi kuchuluka kwake, tiyeneranso kulabadira kufananiza kwa mitundu ya utoto;pofuna kupewa utoto, tiyenera kulabadira kupanga mitundu ndi mulingo wabwino, komanso kulabadira kuwongolera nthunzi fastness wa utoto cationic.ndi kufulumira kopepuka.
Chachiwiri, gulu la utoto wa cationic
Gulu lodziwika bwino mu molekyulu ya utoto wa cationic limalumikizidwa ndi dongosolo la conjugated mwanjira inayake, kenako limapanga mchere ndi gulu la anionic.Malingana ndi malo a gulu lodziwika bwino mu dongosolo la conjugated, utoto wa cationic ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: odzipatula komanso osakanikirana.
1. Utoto wa cationic wokhazikika
Wodzipatula wa cationic dye precursor ndi gulu lodziwika bwino amalumikizidwa kudzera pagulu lodzipatula, ndipo mtengo wabwino umapezeka, wofanana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa gulu la quaternary ammonium kumapeto kwa molekyulu ya utoto wobalalitsa.Ikhoza kuimiridwa ndi ndondomeko iyi:
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zolipiritsa zabwino, ndizosavuta kuphatikiza ndi ulusi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa utoto ndi kuchuluka kwa utoto ndizokwera, koma mulingo wake ndi wosauka.Nthawi zambiri, mthunzi umakhala wakuda, kuyamwa kwa molar kumakhala kochepa, ndipo mthunziwo siwolimba mokwanira, koma umakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino kwambiri komanso kufulumira kwambiri, komanso kuthamanga kwambiri.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka utoto wapakati komanso wopepuka.Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi:
2. Utoto wa conjugated cationic
Gulu lodziwika bwino la utoto wa conjugated cationic limalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi dongosolo lolumikizana la utoto, ndipo chiwongolero chabwino chimachotsedwa.Utoto wamtundu uwu ndi wowala kwambiri ndipo kutsekemera kwa molar ndikwambiri, koma mitundu ina imakhala ndi kusathamanga kwachangu komanso kukana kutentha.Mwa mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, mtundu wolumikizana umaposa 90%.Pali mitundu yambiri ya utoto wa conjugated cationic, makamaka kuphatikiza triarylmethane, oxazine ndi polymethine.
3. Mitundu yatsopano ya cationic
1. Migration cationic utoto
Mitundu yotchedwa migratory cationic dyes imatanthawuza gulu la utoto wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono olemera ndi kuchuluka kwa mamolekyulu, komanso kuphatikizika bwino ndi magwiridwe antchito, omwe tsopano asanduka gulu lalikulu la utoto wa cationic.Ubwino wake ndi motere:
Ili ndi kusuntha kwabwino komanso kusanja bwino, ndipo ilibe kusankha kwa ulusi wa acrylic.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakalasi osiyanasiyana a ulusi wa acrylic ndikuthana bwino ndi vuto la utoto wofananira wa ulusi wa acrylic.Kuchuluka kwa retarder ndikochepa (kuchokera 2 mpaka 3% mpaka 0.1 mpaka 0.5%), ndipo ndizothekanso kuyika utoto umodzi popanda kuwonjezera retarder, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito kumatha kuchepetsa mtengo wa utoto.Itha kufewetsa njira yopaka utoto ndikufupikitsa kwambiri nthawi yodaya (yoyambirira 45 mpaka 90 mphindi mpaka 10 mpaka 25 mphindi).
2. Mitundu ya cationic yosinthidwa:
Kuti agwirizane ndi utoto wa ulusi wosinthidwa, gulu la utoto wa cationic udawunikidwa ndikuwupanga.Mapangidwe otsatirawa ndi oyenera kusinthidwa kwa ulusi wa polyester.Yellow imapangidwa makamaka ndi utoto wa methine, wofiira ndi utoto wa azole wopangidwa ndi triazole kapena thiazole ndikupatula utoto wa azo, ndipo buluu ndi utoto wa azo wopangidwa ndi thiazole ndi utoto wa azo.Utoto wa Oxazine.
3. Balitsani utoto wa cationic:
Kuti agwirizane ndi utoto wa ulusi wosinthidwa, gulu la utoto wa cationic udawunikidwa ndikuwupanga.Mapangidwe otsatirawa ndi oyenera kusinthidwa kwa ulusi wa polyester.Yellow imapangidwa makamaka ndi utoto wa methine, wofiira ndi utoto wa azole wopangidwa ndi triazole kapena thiazole ndikupatula utoto wa azo, ndipo buluu ndi utoto wa azo wopangidwa ndi thiazole ndi utoto wa azo.Utoto wa Oxazine.
4. Utoto wokhazikika wa cationic:
Ma reactive cationic dyes ndi gulu latsopano la utoto wa cationic.Gulu logwira ntchito litalowetsedwa mu molekyulu ya utoto wosakanikirana kapena wokhawokha, utoto wamtunduwu umapatsidwa zinthu zapadera, makamaka pa ulusi wosakanikirana, sikuti umangosunga mtundu wowala, komanso ukhoza kuyika mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ulusi.
Chachinayi, katundu wa utoto wa cationic
1. Kusungunuka:
Magulu opangira mchere a alkyl ndi anionic mu molekyulu ya utoto wa cationic afotokozedwa pamwambapa kuti akhudze kusungunuka kwa utoto.Kuonjezera apo, ngati pali mankhwala a anionic muzitsulo zopaka utoto, monga ma anionic surfactants ndi utoto wa anionic, adzaphatikizanso ndi utoto wa cationic kuti apange ma precipitates.Ubweya / nitrile, poliyesitala / nitrile ndi nsalu zina zosakanikirana sizingapangidwe mu kusamba komweko ndi utoto wamba wa cationic ndi asidi, utoto wokhazikika komanso wobalalitsa, apo ayi mvula idzachitika.Mankhwala oletsa mvula nthawi zambiri amawonjezedwa kuti athetse vutoli.
2. Kumverera kwa pH:
Nthawi zambiri, utoto wa cationic umakhala wokhazikika mu pH ya 2.5 mpaka 5.5.Pamene pH mtengo uli wochepa, gulu la amino mu molekyulu ya utoto limapangidwa ndi protonated, ndipo gulu lopereka ma elekitironi limasandulika kukhala gulu lochotsa ma elekitironi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtundu wa utoto usinthe;Kugwa, kusinthika, kapena kutha kwa utoto kumachitika.Mwachitsanzo, utoto wa oxazine umasinthidwa kukhala utoto wosakhala wa cationic mu sing'anga ya alkaline, yomwe imataya kuyanjana kwawo ndi ulusi wa acrylic ndipo sungathe kupakidwa utoto.
3. Kugwirizana:
Utoto wa cationic umagwirizana kwambiri ndi ulusi wa acrylic, ndipo umakhala ndi kusamuka bwino mu ulusi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyeza utoto.Utoto wosiyanasiyana umakhala ndi minyewa yosiyana ya ulusi womwewo, ndipo kufalikira kwawo mkati mwa ulusiwo kumasiyananso.Utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ukasakanizidwa pamodzi, kusintha kwa mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto kungathe kuchitika panthawi yodayayo.Utoto womwe uli ndi mitengo yofananira ukasakanizidwa, chiŵerengero chawo cha ndende mu bafa la utoto sichisintha, kotero kuti mtundu wa mankhwalawo umakhalabe wosasinthasintha ndipo utoto umakhala wofanana.Kagwiridwe kake ka mitundu kameneka kumatchedwa kuti kugwirizana kwa utoto.
Kuti zitheke kugwiritsa ntchito, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito manambala kuti afotokoze kugwirizana kwa utoto, womwe nthawi zambiri umawonetsedwa ngati K.Seti imodzi ya utoto wachikasu ndi wabuluu imagwiritsidwa ntchito, seti iliyonse imakhala ndi mitundu isanu yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopaka utoto, ndipo pali mitundu isanu yofananira (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), komanso kugwirizana kwa utoto. ndi mlingo waukulu wa utoto Wang'ono, kusamuka ndi msinkhu wa utoto ndi wosauka, ndipo utoto wokhala ndi utoto wawung'ono umakhala ndi mtengo waukulu wogwirizana, ndipo kusamuka ndi msinkhu wa utoto ndi bwino.Utoto woti uyesedwe ndi utoto wokhazikika amawuyika mmodzimmodzi, ndiyeno mphamvu yodayayo imawunikidwa kuti ziwone ngati kugwirizana kwa utotowo kuyesedwa.
Pali ubale wina pakati pa kuyanjana kwa utoto ndi kapangidwe kake ka maselo.Magulu a Hydrophobic amalowetsedwa mu mamolekyu a utoto, kusungunuka kwamadzi kumachepa, kuyanjana kwa utoto ndi ulusi kumawonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa utoto kumawonjezeka, kuyanjana kumachepa, kusuntha ndi kuchuluka kwa ulusi kumachepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa utoto kumawonjezeka.Magulu ena mu molekyulu ya utoto amayambitsa zotchinga za steric chifukwa cha kasinthidwe ka geometric, zomwe zimachepetsanso kuyanjana kwa utoto ndi ulusi ndikuwonjezera mtengo wogwirizana.
4. Kupepuka:
Kuthamanga kwa utoto kwa utoto kumayenderana ndi kapangidwe kake ka maselo.Gulu la cationic mu conjugated cationic dye molekyulu ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri.Imatsegulidwa mosavuta kuchokera kumalo a gulu la cationic pambuyo pochitidwa ndi mphamvu ya kuwala, ndiyeno imasamutsidwa ku dongosolo lonse la chromophore, ndikupangitsa kuti iwonongeke ndi kuzimiririka.Conjugated triarylmethane Kuthamanga kopepuka kwa oxazine, polymethine ndi oxazine sikwabwino.Gulu la cationic mu molekyulu ya cationic dye yakutali imasiyanitsidwa ndi dongosolo lolumikizana ndi gulu lolumikizana.Ngakhale zitayendetsedwa pansi pa mphamvu ya kuwala, sikophweka kusamutsa mphamvu ku dongosolo conjugated mtundu, kotero kuti kusungidwa bwino.Kuthamanga kwa kuwala ndikwabwinoko kuposa mtundu wa conjugated.
5. Kuwerenga kowonjezereka: Nsalu za cationic
Nsalu ya cationic ndi 100% ya polyester nsalu, yomwe imalukidwa kuchokera kuzinthu ziwiri zosiyana za polyester, koma imakhala ndi ulusi wosinthidwa wa polyester.Ulusi wosinthidwa wa poliyesitala komanso ulusi wamba wa poliyesitala amapakidwa utoto wosiyanasiyana ndipo amapakidwa utoto kawiri.Mtundu, utoto wa poliyesitala wanthawi imodzi, utoto wa nthawi imodzi, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa cationic polowera ku warp, ndi ulusi wamba wa poliyesitala kumbali ya weft.Mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka utoto: utoto wamba womwaza ulusi wa polyester, ndi utoto wa cationic wa ulusi wa cationic (wotchedwanso utoto wa cationic).Kumwaza utoto wa cationic ungagwiritsidwe ntchito), zotsatira za nsalu zidzakhala ndi mitundu iwiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-21-2022